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abbr.= abbreviated |
esp.= especially |
Heb.= Hebrew |
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lit.= literally |
n= noun |
pl.= plural |
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pron.= pronounced |
usu.= usually |
v= verb |
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Yid.= Yiddish |
Common Hebrew Phrases |
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To
facilitate contemporary
mitzvah-observance, the venerable Chafetz
Chayim complied his Sefer HaMitzvah the
positive and negative commandments
applicate in our time, along with his own
incisive commentary. |
613 Mitzvot or 613
Commandments (Hebrew: תרי"ג מצוות
transliterated as Taryag mitzvot; TaRYaG
is the acronym for the numeric value of
"613") are a list of commandments from God
in the Torah. In Judaism, there is a
tradition that the Torah contains 613
mitzvot (Hebrew for "commandments," from
mitzvah - מצוה -- "precept", plural:
mitzvot; from צוה, tzavah- "command").
According to tradition, of these 613
commandments, 248 are mitzvot aseh
("positive commandments" commands to
perform certain actions) and 365 are
mitzvot lo taaseh ("negative commandments"
commands to abstain from certain actions).
Three-hundred and sixty-five corresponded
to the number of days in a year and 248
was believed by ancient Hebrews to be the
number of bones and significant organs in
the human body.
Three of the negative commandments can
involve yehareg ve'al ya'avor, meaning
'One should let himself be killed rather
than violate this negative commandment',
and they are murder, idol-worship, and
forbidden relations. |
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1 - Believing in or
ascribing any deity to any but Him
2 - Making images for the purpose of worship
3 - Making an idol (even for others) to worship
4 - Making figures of human beings
5 - Bowing down to an idol
6 - Worshipping idols
7 - Handing over some of our offspring to Molech
8 - Practicing the sorcery of the ove
9 - Practicing the sorcery of the yidde'oni
10 - Studying idolatrous practices
11 - Erecting a pillar which people will assemble to
honor
12 - Making figured stones upon which to prostrate
ourselves
13 - Planting trees in the Sanctuary
14 - Swearing by an idol
15 - Diverting people to idolatry
16 - Seeking to persuade an Israelite to worship idols
17 - Loving the person who seeks to mislead him into
idolatry
18 - Relaxing one's aversion to the misleader
19 - Saving the life of the misleader
20 - Pleading for the misleader
21 - Oppressing evidence which is unfavorable to the
misleader
22 - Benefiting from ornaments which have adorned an
idol
23 - Rebuilding an apostate city
24 - Deriving benefit from the property of an apostate
city
25 - Increasing our wealth from anything connected
with idolatry
26 - Prophesying in the name of an idol
27 - Prophesying falsely
28 - Listening to the prophecy of one who prophesies
in the name of an idol
29 - Refraining from a killing, or being afraid of, a
false prophet
30 - Adopting the habits and customs of unbelievers
31 - Practicing divination
32 - Regulating our conduct by the stars
33 - Practicing the art of the soothsayer
34 - Practicing sorcery
35 - Practicing the art of the charmer
36 - Consulting a necromancer who uses the ove
37 - Consulting a sorcerer who uses the yido'a
38 - Seeking information from the dead
39 - Women wearing men's clothes or adornments
40 - Men wearing women's clothes or adornments
41 - Imprinting any marks upon our bodies
42 - Wearing Shatnes (a garment of wool and linen)
43 - Shaving the temples of the head
44 - Shaving the beard
45 - Making cuttings in our flesh
46 - Settling in the land of Egypt
47 - Following one's heart and eyes
48 - Making a covenant with the Seven Nations of
Canaan
49 - Sparing a life of the Seven Nations 7
50 - Showing mercy to idolaters
51 - Allowing idolaters to settle in our land
52 - Intermarrying with heretics
53 - Intermarrying with a male Ammonite and Moabite
54 - Excluding descendants of Esav
55 - Excluding descendants of Egyptians
56 - Offering peace to Ammon and Moav
57 - Destroying fruit-trees during a siege
58 - Fearing the heretics in time of war
59 - Forgetting what Amalek did to us
60 - Blaspheming the Great Name
61 - Violating a shevuas bittui (oath of utterance)
62 - Swearing a shevuas shav (vain oath)
63 - Profaning the Name of G-d
64 - Testing His promises and warnings
65 - Breaking down houses of worship or destroying
holy books
66 - Leaving the body of a criminal hanging overnight
after execution
67 - Interrupting the watch over the Sanctuary
68 - The High Priest entering the Sanctuary at any but
the prescribed time
69 - A Priest with a blemish entering the Sanctuary
from the Altar inwards
70 - A Priest with a blemish ministering in the
Sanctuary
71 - A Priest with a temporary blemish ministering in
the Sanctuary
72 - The Levites and Priests performing each other's
allotted services
73 - Entering the Sanctuary or giving a decision on
Torah law while intoxicated
74 - A zar (stranger) ministering in the Sanctuary
75 - An unclean Priest ministering in the Sanctuary
76 - A Priest who is a tevul yom ministering in the
Sanctuary
77 - Any unclean person entering any part of the
Sanctuary
78 - Any unclean person entering the camp of the
Levites
79 - Building an Altar of stones which have been
touched by iron
80 - Ascending the Altar by steps
81 - Extinguishing the Altar Fire
82 - Offering any sacrifice whatever on the Golden
Altar
83 - Making oil like the Oil of Anointment
84 - Anointing any one except the High Priests and
Kings with the Oil of Anointment prepared by Moshe
85 - Making incense like that used in the Sanctuary
86 - Removing the staves from their rings in the Ark
87 - Removing the Breastplate from the Ephod
88 - Tearing the edge of the High Priest's robe
89 - Offering sacrifices outside the Sanctuary Court
90 - Slaughtering holy offerings outside the Sanctuary
Court
91 - Dedicating blemished animals to be offered upon
the Altar
92 - Slaughtering blemished animals as a korban
93 - Dashing the blood of blemished beasts upon the
Altar
94 - Burning the sacrificial portions of a blemished
beast upon the Altar
95 - Sacrificing a beast with a temporary blemish
96 - Offering blemished sacrifices of a gentile
97 - Causing an offering to become blemished
98 - Offering leaven or honey upon the Altar
99 - Offering a sacrifice without salt
100 - Offering on the Altar the "hire of a harlot" or
the "price of a dog"
101 - Slaughtering the mother and her young on the
same day
102 - Putting olive oil on the meal-offering of a
sinner
103 - Putting frankincense with the meal-offering of a
sinner
104 - Mingling olive oil with the meal-offering of a
suspected adulteress
105 - Putting frankincense on the meal-offering of a
suspected adulteress
106 - Changing a beast that has been consecrated as a
offering
107 - Changing one holy offering for another
108 - Redeeming the firstling of a clean beast
109 - Selling the tithe of cattle
110 - Selling devoted property
111 - Redeeming devoted land without any specific
statement of purpose
112 - Severing the head of the bird of a Sin-offering
during melikah
113 - Doing any work with a dedicated beast
114 - Shearing a dedicated beast
115 - Slaughtering the Pesach offering while Chometz
remains in our possession
116 - Leaving the sacrificial portions of the Pesach
offering overnight
117 - Allowing any of the meat of the Pesach offering
to remain until morning
118 - Allowing any of the meat of the Festival
offering of the fourteenth of Nissan to remain until
the third day
119 - Allowing any of the meat of the Pesach Sheni
offering to remain until morning
120 - Allowing any of the meat of the thank-offering
to remain until morning
121 - Breaking any of the bones of the Pesach offering
122 - Breaking any of the bones of the Pesach Sheni
offering
123 - Removing the Pesach offering from where it is
eaten
124 - Baking the residue of a meal-offering with
leaven
125 - Eating the Pesach offering boiled or raw81
126 - Allowing a ger toshav to eat the Pesach offering
127 - An uncircumcised person eating the Pesach
offering
128 - Allowing an apostate Israelite to eat the Pesach
offering
129 - An unclean person eating hallowed food72
130 - Eating meat of consecrated offerings which have
become unclean
131 - Eating nosar (beyond allotted time)
132 - Eating piggul (improper intentions)
133 - A zar eating terumah28
134 - A Priest's tenant or hired servant eating
terumah
135 - An uncircumcised Priest eating terumah
136 - An unclean Priest eating terumah
137 - A chalalah eating holy food
138 - Eating the meal-offering of a Priest
139 - Eating meat of Sin-offerings whose blood has
been brought within the Sanctuary
140 - Eating the invalidated consecrated offerings
141 - Eating the unredeemed second tithe of corn
outside Yerushalayim
142 - Consuming the unredeemed second tithe of wine
outside Yerushalayim
143 - Consuming the unredeemed second tithe of oil
outside Yerushalayim
144 - Eating an unblemished firstling outside
Yerushalayim
145 - Eating the sin-offering and the guilt-offering
outside the Sanctuary Court
146 - Eating the meat of a burnt-offering
147 - Eating lesser holy offerings before dashing
their blood on the Altar
148 - A zar eating the most holy offerings
149 - A Priest eating first-fruits outside
Yerushalayim
150 - Eating an unredeemed unclean second tithe, even
in Yerushalayim
151 - Eating the second tithe during mourning6
152 - Spending the redemption money of the second
tithe except on food and drink
153 - Eating tevel (produce from which the
heave-offering and tithes were not taken)
154 - Altering the prescribed order of harvest tithing
155 - Delaying payment of vows
156 - Appearing in Sanctuary on a festival without a
sacrifice8
157 - Infringing any oral obligation, even if
undertaken without an oath
158 - A Priest marrying a zonah
159 - A Priest marrying a chalalah
160 - A Priest marrying a divorced woman
161 - A High Priest marrying a widow
162 - A High Priest having intercourse with a widow
163 - Priests with disheveled hair entering the
Sanctuary
164 - Priests wearing rent garments entering the
Sanctuary
165 - Ministering Priests leaving the Sanctuary
166 - A common priest defiling himself for any dead
person except those prescribed in Scripture
167 - A High Priest being under one roof with a dead
body
168 - A High Priest defiling himself for any dead
person
169 - Levites taking a portion in the Land
170 - Levites sharing in the spoil on the conquest of
the Land
171 - Tearing out our hair for the dead
172 - Eating any unclean animal5
173 - Eating any unclean fish6
174 - Eating any unclean fowl5
175 - Eating any swarming winged insect
176 - Eating anything which swarms upon the earth
177 - Eating any creeping thing that breeds in decayed
matter
178 - Eating living creatures that breed in seeds or
fruit
179 - Eating any swarming thing
180 - Eating an animal which is a nevelah
181 - Eating an animal which is a terefah8
182 - Eating a limb of a living creature8
183 - Eating the gid hanasheh (sinew of thigh-vein
184 - Eating blood
185 - Eating the fat of a clean animal
186 - Cooking meat in milk
187 - Eating meat cooked in milk
188 - Eating the flesh of a stoned ox
189 - Eating bread made from the grain of the new crop
190 - Eating roasted grain of the new crop
191 - Eating fresh ears of grain
192 - Eating orlah
193 - Eating kilai hakerem
194 - Drinking yain nesech (libation-wine used for
idol worship)
195 - Excessive eating and drinking
196 - Eating on Yom Kippur0
197 - Eating chometz during Pesach
198 - Eating an admixture of chometz during Pesach
199 - Eating chametz after the middle of the
fourteenth of Nissan
200 - Chametz being seen in our habitations during
Pesach
201 - Possessing chametz during Pesach5
202 - A Nazir drinking wine
203 - A Nazir eating fresh grapes
204 - A Nazir eating dried grapes
205 - A Nazir eating the kernels of grapes
206 - A Nazir eating the husks of grapes
207 - A Nazir rending himself unclean for the dead
208 - A Nazir rending himself unclean by entering a
house containing a corpse
209 - A Nazir shaving
210 - Reaping all the harvest without leaving a corner
for the poor
211 - Gathering ears of corn that fell during the
harvest
212 - Gathering the whole produce of the vineyard at
vintage time
213 - Gathering single fallen grapes during the
vintage
214 - Returning for a forgotten sheaf
215 - Sowing kilayim (diverse kinds of seed in one
field)
216 - Sowing grain or vegetables in a vineyard
217 - Making animals of different species
218 - Working with two different kinds of animals
together
219 - Preventing a beast from eating of the produce
amidst which it is working
220 - Cultivating the soil in the seventh year
221 - Pruning trees in the seventh year
222 - Reaping a self-grown plant in the seventh year
as in an ordinary year
223 - Gathering a self-grown fruit in the seventh year
as in an ordinary year
224 - Cultivating the soil in the Jubilee year
225 - Reaping the aftergrowths of the Jubilee year as
in an ordinary year
226 - Gathering fruit in the Jubilee year as in an
ordinary year
227 - Selling our holdings in Eretz Yisrael in
perpetuity
228 - Selling the open lands of the Levites
229 - Forsaking the Levites8
230 - Demanding the payment of debts after the
Sabbatical year
231 - Withholding a loan to be canceled by the
Sabbatical year
232 - Failing to give charity to our needy brethren
233 - Sending away a Hebrew bondman empty-handed
234 - Demanding payment from a debtor known to be
unable to pay
235 - Lending at interest
236 - Borrowing at interest
237 - Participating in a loan at interest
238 - Oppressing an employee by delaying payment of
his wages
239 - Taking a pledge from a debtor by force
240 - Keeping a needed pledge from its owner
241 - Taking a pledge from a widow
242 - Taking in pledge food utensils
243 - Abducting an Israelite
244 - Stealing money
245 - Committing robbery
246 - Fraudulently altering land boundaries
247 - Usurping our debts 251
248 - Repudiating our debts07
249 - Swearing falsely in repudiating a debt07
250 - Wronging one another in business
251 - Wronging one another by speech
252 - Wronging a proselyte by speech
253 - Wronging a proselyte in business
254 - Handing over a fugitive bondman
255 - Wronging a fugitive bondman
256 - Dealing harshly with orphans and widows
257 - Employing a Hebrew bondman in degrading tasks
258 - Selling a Hebrew bondman by public auction
259 - Having a Hebrew bondman do unnecessary work
260 - Allowing the maltreatment of a Hebrew bondman by
a heathen
261 - Selling a Hebrew bondmaid
262 - Afflicting one's espoused Hebrew bondmaid by
diminishing food, raiment or conjugal rights; similar
law applies to one's wife
263 - Selling a captive woman
264 - Enslaving a captive woman
265 - Planning to acquire another's property
266 - Coveting another's belongings
267 - A hired laborer eating growing crops
268 - A hired laborer putting of the harvest in his
own vesse
269 - Ignoring lost property
270 - Leaving a trapped person without assisting him
with his burden
271 - Cheating in measurements and weights
272 - Keeping false weights and measures
273 - A judge committing unrighteousness
274 - A judge accepting gifts from litigants
275 - A judge favoring a litigant
276 - A judge being deterred by fear of a wicked
person from giving a just judgment
277 - A judge deciding in favor of a poor man through
pity
278 - A judge perverting judgment against a person of
evil repute
279 - A judge pitying one who has slain a man or
caused the loss of a limb
280 - A judge perverting the justice due to proselytes
or orphans
281 - A judge listening to one of the litigants in the
absence of another
282 - A court convicting in a capital case by a
majority of one
283 - A judge relying on the opinion of a fellow
judge; arguing for conviction after favoring acquittal
284 - Appointing an unlearned judge
285 - Bearing false witness
286 - A judge receiving a wicked man's testimony
287 - A judge receiving testimony from a litigant's
relative
288 - Convicting on the testimony of a single witness
289 - Killing a human being 258
290 - Capital punishment based on circumstantial
evidence
291 - A witness acting as an advocate
292 - Killing a murderer without a trial
293 - Sparing the life of a pursuer
294 - Punishing a person for a sin committed under
duress
295 - Accepting ransom from one who has committed
murder unwittingly
296 - Accepting ransom from one who has committed
willful murder
297 - Neglecting to save an Israelite in danger of his
life
298 - Leaving obstacles on public or private domain
299 - Giving misleading advice
300 - Inflicting excessive corporal punishment
301 - Bearing tales
302 - Hating one another
303 - Putting one to shame
304 - Taking vengeance on one another
305 - Bearing a grudge
306 - Taking the entire bird's nest (mother and young)
307 - Shaving the scull 208
308 - Cutting or cauterizing signs of leprosy
309 - Ploughing a valley in which the rite of eglah
arufah has been performed
310 - Permitting a sorcerer to live
311 - Taking a bridegroom away from his home during
first year
312 - Differing from traditional authorities
313 - Adding to the Written or Oral Law
314 - Detracting from the Written or Oral Law
315 - Cursing a judge
316 - Cursing a ruler
317 - Cursing any Israelite
318 - Cursing parents
319 - Smiting parents
320 - Working on Shabbos
321 - Going beyond city limits on Shabbos
322 - Punishing on Shabbos
323 - Working on the first day of Pesach
324 - Working on the seventh day of Pesach
325 - Working on Atzeres
326 - Working on Rosh HaShanah
327 - Working on the first day of Sukkos
328 - Working on Shemini Atzeres
329 - Working on Yom Kippur
330 - Having relations with one's mother
331 - Having relations with one's father's wife
332 - Having relations with one's sister
333 - Having relations with the daughter of one's
father's wife if she be his sister
334 - Having relations with one's son's daughter
335 - Having relations with one's daughter's daughter
336 - Having relations with one's daughter
337 - Having relations with a woman and her daughter
338 - Having relations with a woman and her son's
daughter
339 - Having relations with a woman and her daughter's
daughter
340 - Having relations with one's father's sister
341 - Having relations with one's mother's sister
342 - Having relations with the wife of one's father's
brother
343 - Having relations with one's son's wife
344 - Having relations with a brother's wife
345 - Having relations with a sister of his wife
during the latter's lifetime
346 - Having relations with a menstruant
347 - Having relations with another man's wife
348 - Men lying with beasts
349 - Women lying with beasts0
350 - A man lying carnally with a male0
351 - A man lying carnally with his father0
352 - A man lying carnally with his father's brother
353 - Intimacy with a kinswoman
354 - A mamzer having relations with a Jewish Woman
355 - Having relations with a woman without marriage
356 - Re-marrying one's divorced wife after she has
remarried
357 - Having relations with a woman subject to
Levirate marriage
358 - Divorcing a woman he has raped and been
compelled to marry
359 - Divorcing a woman after having falsely brought
an evil name upon her
360 - A man incapable of procreation marrying a Jewish
Woman
361 - Castration of man or beast
362 - Appointing a king not born an Israelite
363 - A king owning many horses
364 - A king taking many wives
365 - A king amassing great personal wealth |
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613 Laws of the Torah / 248 Positive
Laws --> |
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